A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary ...

For the first time, high-resolution time-lapse videos of tiny bits of living plants show how they assemble their protective cell walls, researchers report March 21 in Science Advances. The image ...

Plasma membrane proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), transported through the Golgi/TGN, and delivered to the plasma membrane. At the plasma membrane, some proteins (e.g., ...

Upon fertilization of the egg cell, the contents within the zygote are distributed unevenly (polarization), followed by asymmetric cell division, where the top daughter cell is small and the bottom ...