The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

Get your news from a source that’s not owned and controlled by oligarchs. Sign up for the free Mother Jones Daily. Where did complex life originate? The New York Times reports on new research from a ...

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of our cells, generating energy that supports life. A giant molecular proton pump, called complex I, is crucial: It sets in motion a chain of reactions, creating a ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Mitochondria have a characteristic ultrastructure with invaginations of the inner membrane called cristae that contain the protein complexes ...