Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility and stability.Lumbar vertebrae are larger because they carry the load from ...

From mice to giraffes, mammals are remarkable in that all but a handful of their 5000 species have exactly seven vertebrae in the neck. Among the few that deviate from this number are three-toed ...

In Panderichthids (rhipidistian fish ancestors of amphibians), 2 sets of ossifications are present in the centra region. At posterior end, below the neural arch, are pleurocentra. This element gave ...

Selam is a 3.3 million-year-old toddler and human ancestor whose skeleton provides clues on how we transitioned to walking upright. Zeray Alemseged/University of Chicago Fossils of an ancient child’s ...

Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (EMISS) is a groundbreaking advancement in spine care. Utilizing specialized instruments and endoscopic cameras, EMISS substantially reduces tissue ...